Benefits of red grapes

Grapes Grapes are known scientifically as Vitis vinifera, a plant that is grown in all parts of the temperate world. However, its native habitat is southern Europe and West Asia. The grapes are oval, spherical, dark blue, red, green or yellow. (1), grapes are considered one of the most productive agricultural crops in the world (4). It is mentioned in the Holy Quran in several places, such as the words of God: (And in the land cut off the neighbors and gardens of grapes and planting and palm trees and non-watering one water and we prefer each other in eating in that the verses of the people who know) Surat Thunder, 4. Grape contains high amounts of simple sugars, namely glucose and fructose, 4 and contains many active substances including flavonoids and tannins, which include proanthocyanidins containing catechins, Non-flavonoids known as Stilbenes, phenylacrylic acid products, and some fruit acids such as tartaric acid, malic, succinic, citric and oxalic. The quercetin (Myricetin), Resveratrol (polyphenols) And essential antioxidants in grapes Red (3), and found that every 100 grams of grapes contain 63-182 micrograms of phenol compounds, which are often concentrated in the peels and seeds, and are considered Albrooanthusianaedin compounds found in grape seed of the most powerful antioxidants in nature (4). Food composition of red grapes The following table shows the nutritional composition of 100 g of red or green European grapes: (2) Food element Value Water 80.54 g Energy 69 calories Protein 0.72 g Fat 0.16 g Carbohydrate 18.10 g Food fiber 0.9 g Total sugars 15.48 g Calcium 10 mg Iron 0.36 mg Magnesium 7 mg phosphorus 20 mg potassium 191 mg sodium 2 mg zinc 0.07 mg vitamin c 3.2 mg thiamine 0.069 mg riboflavin 0.070 mg niacin 0.188 mg vitamin B 0.086 mg folate 2 micrograms vitamin B12 0 micrograms vitamin A 66 global units, or 3 micrograms of vitamin E a thousand Tocopherol) 0.19 mg Vitamin D 0 Global vitamin K 14.6 mg Caffeine 0 mg Cholesterol 0 mg Red grape benefits Due to its antioxidant content, grapes have been associated with a reduced risk of many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, (2). The polyphenols found in the red grapes have anti-inflammatory and oxidative properties, protective effects of nerve cells, and preventive effects of heart disease (3). In addition, Grains generally have anti-oxidant effects due to their content of proanthocyanidine, which has inhibitory effects of free oxygen radicals. A study found that its antioxidant activity outweighed vitamin C and vitamin E, in addition to its antioxidant content (4) ). Grains exhibit anti-atherosclerosis properties. Proanthocyanidine reduces the accumulation of macrophage-derived foam cells in atherosclerotic lesions and reduces the oxidation of bad cholesterol (LDL) associated with atherosclerosis (1), some preliminary studies have found that drinking red grape juice reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (6). In a study to determine the effect of concentrated red grape juice, which is a high source of polyphenols in the risk factors of cardiovascular disease in people who wash the kidneys, who are more likely to have these diseases due to high oxidative stress and lipid (lipids) and high inflammation level In the body, 100 ml of concentrated red grape juice was given to 26 patients who washed the kidneys and 15 were healthy for 14 days. The results showed an increase in the level of oxidative resistance in the body and a decrease in the level of bad cholesterol, (LDL) and apolipoprotein B-100 in both groups, while the intake of HDL and apolipoprotein A-1, When patients were given the center of red grape juice for an additional 3 weeks, they found a reduction in the scale of inflammation associated with cardiovascular disease (5). Cancer and tumor resistance. Proanthocyanidin reduces oxidative stress and free radicals. An antimicrobial activity was found to be associated with antioxidant activity of this compound in experimental animals. 1 Several studies have found a correlation between grape intake and reduced risk of certain cancers, Such as breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Antioxidants found in grapes stimulated the death of cancer cells. It was also found to inhibit cancer formation and development in rats. Antioxidants found in grapes had anti-inflammatory effects that could play a role in their adverse effects For cancer. It was also found that the antioxidants in grapes modify the estrogen receptors, which particularly affects the cancers that are sensitive to this hormone, such as breast cancer (4), and the compound contains polyphenols (Myricetin) anti-cancer properties (3). Anthocyanidin compounds were found to be extracted from the nucleus